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- $Unique_ID{BRK03918}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Larsen Syndrome}
- $Subject{Larsen Syndrome Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Disease Desbuquois Syndrome
- Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1988, 1990, 1992 National Organization for Rare Disorders,
- Inc.
-
- 497:
- Larsen Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Larsen Syndrome) is not the
- name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next page to
- find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered by
- this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Disease
- Desbuquois Syndrome
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Larsen Syndrome is a multi-system genetic disorder that is present at
- birth. It is characterized by multiple bone dislocations and abnormalities,
- an extremely high arch of the foot, non-tapering cylindrically shaped
- fingers, and an unusual facial appearance. In some cases, short stature,
- heart problems, cleft palate or lips, deafness, or mental retardation may
- also occur.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Larsen Syndrome is present at birth and is characterized by a prominent
- forehead, an upturned nose with a depressed bridge, and slightly protruding
- wide-spaced eyes. Multiple bone dislocations can occur in the joints of the
- knees, elbows and hips. The fingers are usually non-tapering and
- cylindrically shaped. Feet are often clubbed with extremely high arches (pes
- cavus). Abnormalities of the spine may be present. In males, the testes may
- be undescended (cryptorchidism).
-
- Some patients may have webbed fingers (syndactyly), low-set ears, short
- stature, accumulation of fluid in the skull (hydrocephalus), a cleft or high
- arched palate or harelip, fingernail or toenail abnormalities, mild curvature
- of the spine (scoliosis), or softening of the bones (osteoporosis). Heart or
- respiratory difficulties may also be present at birth.
-
- Causes
-
- Larsen Syndrome can be inherited as either an autosomal dominant or recessive
- trait. Symptoms are thought to be caused by a generalized embryonic
- connective tissue (mesenchymal) disorder during gestation.
-
- Human traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of
- the interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from the father
- and one from the mother.
-
- In dominant disorders, a single copy of the disease gene (received from
- either the mother or father) will be expressed "dominating" the normal gene
- and resulting in appearance of the disease. The risk of transmitting the
- disorder from affected parent to offspring is 50% for each pregnancy
- regardless of the sex of the resulting child.)
-
- In recessive disorders, the condition does not appear unless a person
- inherits the same defective gene from each parent. If one receives one
- normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will be a carrier for
- the disease, but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of transmitting the
- disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are carriers for a
- recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of their children
- will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five percent of
- their children will receive both normal genes, one from each parent and will
- be genetically normal.)
-
- Affected Population
-
- Larsen Syndrome is a very rare disorder which affects males and females in
- equal numbers. Approximately eighty cases had been identified in the medical
- literature of the United States as of June, 1983.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Larsen
- Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita is a congenital disorder characterized
- by reduced mobility of multiple joints at birth due to proliferation of
- fibrous tissue (fibrous ankylosis). The range of motion of the joints of all
- limbs is limited or fixed. The shoulders are bent inward and internally
- rotated, the elbows are extended, and the wrists and fingers are bent. The
- hips may be dislocated and are usually slightly bent, the knees are extended,
- and the heel is bent inward from the midline of the leg while the foot is
- bent inward at the ankle. (For more information on this disorder, choose
- "Arthrogryposis" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome is an inherited connective tissue disorder. It is
- characterized by the ability of patients to flex their bodies beyond the
- normal range (articular hypermobility), to abnormally stretch their skin
- (hyperelasticity of the skin), and widespread tissue fragility; i.e. skin,
- blood vessels and other tissues can rupture from even minor injuries. (For
- more information on this disorder, choose "Ehlers-Danlos" as your search term
- in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of infants with Larsen Syndrome consists of joint manipulation
- and corrective casts or traction. Later, orthopedic surgery may be
- recommended to correct skeletal dislocations or deformities. Reconstructive
- surgery is an appropriate treatment for heart valve and spinal abnormalities,
- and for cleft palate or harelip. Speech therapy may also be beneficial.
- Services which benefit physically handicapped or mentally retarded
- individuals and their families may also be of value. Genetic counseling may
- be of benefit for patients and their families. Other treatment is
- symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disorder is namemd after Dr. Loren Larsen who first described the
- syndrome in the medical literature. Dr. Larsen is presently conducting
- genetic studies on families with Larsen Syndrome. Families who wish to
- participate in these studies are urged to contact:
-
- Loren J. Larsen, M.D.
- 437 Twin Lake Circle
- Santa Rosa, CA 95409
- (707) 539-1438
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- November 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Larsen Disease, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5133
-
- The National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Information
- Clearinghouse
- Box AMS
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 495-4484
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 7th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
- University Press, 1986. Pp. 451, 1079.
-
- THE LARSEN SYNDROME, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT FORM: G.I. Sugarman; Birth
- Defects (1975, issue 11(2)). Pp. 121-129.
-
- SPINAL DEFORMITIES IN LARSEN'S SYNDROME: J.R. Bowen, et al.; Clin Orthop
- (July-August 1985, issue 197). Pp. 159-163.
-
- SEVERE CARDIAC ANOMALIES IN SIBS WITH LARSEN SYNDROME: P. Strisciuglio,
- et al.; J Med Genet (December 1983, issue 20 6)). Pp. 422-424.
-
- CARDIOVASCULAR MANIFESTATIONS IN THE LARSEN SYNDROME: E.A. Kiel, et al.;
- Pediatrics (June 1983, issue 20 (6)). Pp. 422-424.
-
- SINDING-LARSEN-JOHANSSON DISEASE. IT'S ETIOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY:
- R.C. Medlar, et al.; J Bone Joint Surg [AM] (December 1978, issue 60 (8)).
- Pp. 1113-1116.
-
-